CSR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CSR - Essay Example 2. Organization 1: The primary organization chose for audit is Apple Inc., which has been the main cell firm since its start. 2.1 Apple’s Corporate Social Responsibility The fundamental highlights of Apple’s corporate social duty as expressed in the site of the organization incorporate a more secure gracefully chain, regard and pride for representatives, and eco-accommodating assembling forms. These highlights propose that Apple Inc. takes great consideration of its adherence to the standards of corporate social obligation. It is likewise expressed on the site that the organization considered and followed the rules of Global Reporting Initiative to set up the data about CSR. Let us presently talk about the fundamental parts of Apple’s Corporate Social Responsibility. 2.1.1 Environment Protection Apple Inc. puts forth unique attempts for ozone harming substance outflows. In 2012, it is assessed that the company’s contribution to the ozone harming substance outflows was almost 30.9 million metric tons (Apple Inc. 2013). Apple Inc. has received a very much arranged way to deal with guarantee natural benevolence. The organization discovers approaches to lessen the carbon impression however everything going from a wide range of items to all offices. Apple Inc. enormous contribution to the ozone depleting substance emanations speak to the manner in which the organization makes its items and do all business forms. The fundamental wellspring of Apple’s ozone depleting substance emanations is its items, which incorporate each movement associated with item advancement from assembling to reusing. The other yet relatively extremely minor wellspring of discharges is its offices and server farms. The organization gives exceptional consideration towards acquiring decrease the utilization of vitality to make the items in light of the fact that to be vitality productive is basic for enormous scope ozone depleting substance outflows. 2.1.1.1 Re newable Energy If we talk about the endeavors of Apple inc. towards ecological supportability, we go to that the organization utilizes sustainable power sources to diminish the weight on current wellsprings of vitality. The utilization of sustainable power sources additionally lessens the carbon impression by diminishing the effect of server farms and corporate offices (Apple Inc. 2013). 2.1.1.2 Recycling The organization additionally weights on the significance of reusing and finds a way to reuse the pre-owned items to make them usable by and by. The organization gathers all e-squander through willful and administrative projects and procedures it for reuse. 2.1.1.3 Energy Efficiency The organization quantifies the measure of nursery has outflow discharged by the items, just as during creation of items through the existence cycle approach. The organization accepts this is the progression that no other organization takes to gauge the degree of vitality proficiency (Apple Inc. 2013). 2.1.2 Supplier Responsibility Apple Inc. likewise deals with worker rights and gives them safe working environment so they can satisfy their obligations appropriately. Not just this, the organization likewise gives instructive chances to representatives so as to for them to improve their insight and work potential. Through examinations and improvement designs, the organization ensures that the providers hold fast to the company’s set of principles. 2.1.3 Labor and Human Rights Apple Inc. likewise considers providers answerable for maintaining the employees’

Color and the Visible Spectrum Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Shading and the Visible Spectrum - Research Paper Example The electromagnetic range offers different scopes of hues that can be seen by the natural eye. The obvious range ranges from 390 nanometers to 780 nanometers. In addition, the electromagnetic range has light frequencies that are either excessively low or unreasonably high for people to see, for instance, the bright that is situated past the infrared, found in the red piece of the obvious light range (Cao and Cui, 100) Noticeable range is a little piece of the electromagnetic range that can be seen by the natural eyes. The recurrence and the frequency are regularly contrarily corresponding. An ascent in recurrence causes a reduction in frequency just as an expansion in the vitality related with the photon. Radiations with longer frequency, infrared and noticeable light are non-ionizing radiation on the grounds that ionizing radiations involve UV light, gamma beams and X-beams. The breaking point between now-ionizing and ionizing radiation is found inside the bright locales (Eugene Hecht, 50). Unadulterated hues or spectra are those hues that are comprised of just a single frequency. Obvious frequencies experience optical window which is characterized as the area in the electromagnetic range that grants frequencies to experience the earth’s climate. The early afternoon skies frequently seem blue because of clean air dispersing it more than red frequency. The optical window is otherwise called noticeable window. In the thirteenth century, Roger Bacon stated that rainbows created similarly as light going through a precious stone or crystal. Isaac Newton found that crystals could reassemble and dismantle white light and outlined the finding in his books about optics. He saw that a small amount of light emission is reflected while different portions experience the crystal when a thin light emission strikes the substance of a glass crystal (Eugene Hecht, 50). The light emission that experiences the glass regularly showed up as hued groups. Newton guessed that light contains

Adverse Impacts of Landscape Fragmentation on Biodiversity :: Environmental Ecosystems Essays

Antagonistic Impacts of Landscape Fragmentation on Biodiversity Scene discontinuity can force annihilating and irreversible outcomes on the biodiversity of biological systems. Due to the clashing interests among nature and human financial advantage, it has gotten progressively essential to discover answers for a symphonious parity. It is basic for individuals to perceive the effects of biodiversity misfortune and expanded termination of numerous species. These effects must be comprehended so as to ensure scenes and the massive biodiversity they contain. Raising natural cognizance through instruction and open agreeable endeavors, just as advancing asset preservation and changing destructive examples, are only a couple of ways that we can start to ensure biodiversity. What is scene discontinuity? Scene discontinuity can be portrayed as a separation of a ceaseless scene into increasingly littler, less-associated fixes by streets, clearing for farming, business and private turn of events, and lumber gathering. Clear-cutting can separate develop, bordering backwoods until the obvious territory has recovered to a point that it doesn't go about as a biological hindrance to inside species or species that depend on persistent, develop woods. A significant part of the work that has tried to gauge scene example and natural surroundings fracture comes out of the orders of preservation science and scene biology (Theobald 1998). These controls are established on the reason that scene designs unequivocally impact and are affected by natural procedures (Forman and Godron 1986). How does scene discontinuity influence species assorted variety? Scene discontinuity adds to loss of transitory passages, loss of availability and normal networks, which all lead to lost biodiversity for an area. Protection of biodiversity must incorporate all degrees of assorted variety: hereditary, species, network, and scene (CNHP 1995). Every perplexing level is needy upon and connected to different levels. Furthermore, people are connected to all degrees of this chain of command. A sound common and human condition go connected at the hip (CNHP 1995). A significant advance in protection arranging, so as to ensure both a solid indigenous habitat just as a sound human condition, is perceiving the most imperiled components. Biodiversity is affected via scene discontinuity at different sizes of reality. The termination of environment types and segment species may cause an expanded sketchiness of the scene, bringing about lower populace estimates and diminished availability. Therefore, occupants may encounter diminished dispersal capacities and brought down quality streams between populaces.

Sustainable Operation Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Reasonable Operation Management - Assignment Example As indicated by Appleby (2013) this fundamentally not just arrangement with gracefully chain and the presentation of crude materials yet additionally the more extensive turn of events and structure of procedures just as waste removal, this likewise manages the consolidation of lifecycle examination concentrated on guaranteeing that maintainability endeavors is comprehensive in all the procedures (Appleby 2013). Maintainable practices inside associations must be created to guarantee the decrease of carbon impression all through the particular focused on forms in the association. Economical activities the executives is clear in numerous so as to accomplish the ideal result. Topping off WATER IN SWIMMING POOL IN SPORT HALL Sport pools at times should be totally depleted and afterward topped off. Pre-adjusted water is typically should have been topped off straightforwardly into the unfilled pool. It is critical to recognize successful and productive procedure of topping off and keeping u p the pool to satisfy the set guidelines for sports. Along these lines preventive pool practices ought to be received in this procedure so as to spare time just as expenses. Boosting the productivity of the games pool is significant in diminishing the fundamental carbon impression encouraging accomplishing practical way of life (Finkbeiner 2009). The way toward topping off the games pool to accomplish supportability there must be vitality protection, water and the synthetic substances at the pool. Expanded carbon impression at the pool prompts an incredible mark on nature. A review of economical activities the executives concerning pool water topping off is to encourage ecologically named â€Å"Green Home† pool more concern put on pool vanishing, diminished carbon impression and long haul manageability (Finkbeiner 2009). Coming up next is the procedures that are followed to accomplish reasonable activities the executives in topping off water in pool. Cleaning the pool This is basically the initial step after the pool has been dried out. The surface piece should be resolved. These essential techniques improve proficiency and spare a great deal of time. Deck and spread cleaning is a typical strategy which encourages expulsion of flotsam and jetsam and spa deck. A brisk scope encourages evacuation of flotsam and jetsam close to the pool. In directing this procedure care ought to be taken to stay away from grating surfaces while hauling the spread off the pool. Surface skimming is applied in expelling soil drifting on a superficial level. It is made sure to discharge skimming flotsam and jetsam into the yard with the goal that it doesn't blowback into the pool when it evaporates. Tile brush and tile cleanser to clean the tiles and this is done underneath or more the waterline. It is eminent that vanishing and topping off of the pool generally changes the waterline. Brushing is the most effective method of expelling green growth from the surfaces and guiding the soil to the primary channel so it very well may be sucked in the channel (Appleby 2013). It is critical to clean the channel and run new water in the flow framework to cleanse away all the earth from the lines. The general successful and productive procedure in carryout this is to deplete, clean and to top off the pool. Topping off the pool The pool is filled direct in the daylight in situations where it is filled over the ground. The immediate daylight encourages extending of the liner as the pools fills. The nozzle is turned on

Self Study Paper Essays - Human Behavior, Mindfulness, Psychology

Self Study Paper Essays - Human Behavior, Mindfulness, Psychology A Self-Study: Mindfulness as Means of Reducing Stress Levels Leaha Severson Psych 6104: A Biopsychosocial Approach to Counseling Yorkville University Unique Graduate examinations, while fulfilling, add a degree of worry to one's life which as of now has numerous degrees of stress. It very well may be trying to adjust scholarly duties, relational intricacies, work commitments and social responsibilities, not to mention other arbitrary stressors that may show up. The curre nt self-study expects to finish up whether day by day care contemplation can decrease pressure and increment time spent on scholastics for a 28-year-old, female, graduate understudy. The Lazarus Stress Theory alongside the Preventative Stress Management Theory recommend that pressure is seen and dependent on one's examination of the stressors they experience ( Krohne 2002; Quick et al, 2006) . An adjusted Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, 1994) was utilized to gather information on saw feelings of anxiety . The finishes of this self-study are that day by day care mediation might not directly affect apparent feelings of anxiety yet can expand flexibility in the member. Watchwords: stress, care, versatility, adapting. A Self-Study: Mindfulness as Means of Reducing Stress Levels Graduate examinations, while fulfilling, add a degree of worry to one's life which as of now has numerous degrees of stress. It very well may be trying to adjust scholarly duties, relational intricacies, work commitments and social responsibilities, not to mention other irregular stressors that may show up. Timothy Melchert raises the idea of b iopsychosocial factors in his book titled, Foundations of Professional Psychology, where he clarifies that there are numerous components from various parts of one's life - organic, mental, or social - that add to one's prosperity ( Melchert , 2011). The inquiry that emerges is if stress can be overseen through day by day care intercessions accordingly expanding efficiency and concentrated time on graduate investigations. Stress is , clearly , a factor contributing generally scholastic achievement and whenever left unmanaged could have incapacitating biopsychosocial impacts ( Melchert , 2011, p.34). That Lazarus Theory of Stress has for a long time been a well-famous hypothesis on mental pressure. As indicated by Folkman, Lazarus, Dunkel-Schetter , DeLongis Gruen (1986), a ny mental pressure hypothesis must incorporate two ideas, examination and adapting. Krohne (2002) clarifies examination, as a people's assessment of the importance of what's going on for their prosperity, and adapting as a people's endeavors in thought and activity to oversee explicit requests (as refered to in Lazarus 1993). Lazarus Theory of S tress has seen numerous updates since its origination in 1979 anyway in the most recent form (see Lazarus 1991), stress is viewed as a social idea, i.e., stress isn't characterized as a particular sort of outer incitement nor a particular example of physiological, conduct, or abstract responses ( Krohne , 2002, p. 3) . This definition focuses to the connection between one's condition and their capacity to adapt or the adapting methodologies accessible to them. Notwithstanding the mental parts of pressure, s tress can have numerous physi ological impacts. Brisk et al. (1997) characterize the pressure reaction as the summed up, designed, oblivious assembly of the body's normal assets when stood up to with an interest or stressor (p. 3). Hargrove, Quick, Nelson Quick (2011), portray four brain body changes that describe the pressure reaction by means of the thoughtful sensory system and the endocrine framework: 1) Redirection of the blood to the cerebrum and huge muscle gro ups permits the body to plan physiologically for an authentic crisis. 2) The reticular initiating framework in the mind stem is actuated, bringing about a heigh tened feeling of readiness and expanded tactile mindfulness. 3) Release of glucose and unsaturated fats as fuel to support the person during the reaction. 4) A closing down of the stomach related, remedial and safe frameworks so as to make more assets accessible for the crisis reaction (p. 184). These are viewed as typical human reactions to stretch. In the Preventative Stress Management Theory (TPSM) there can be certain and negative reactions to push. Negative pressure is the physiological, conduct and additionally mental deviation from solid working coming about because of a pressure reaction (Quick et al., 2006, p. 217). Graduate examinations, as expressed previously, can force numerous stressors. For instance, an approaching due date would summon a physiological reaction, for example, the redirection of blood

Yellow Ribbon Application Instructions COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Yellow Ribbon Application Instructions COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog As those with a U.S. military background probably know, the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs provides significant financial aid opportunities to students who served in the U.S. Armed Forces on or after September 11, 2001, as well as the dependents of these veterans. More information about the bill’s benefits and eligibility requirements is available at http://www.gibill.va.gov/. In addition, through an initiative authorized by the Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act, higher education institutions can provide eligible student veterans with a tuition waiver or grant that is matched by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. This program, known as the Yellow Ribbon Program, enhances the base tuition benefits provided by the Post-9/11 GI Bill for those students that qualify at the 100% level for the Post 9/11 GI Bill. SIPA is happy to participate in the Yellow Ribbon Program.   If you are a qualifying veteran, or the qualifying dependent of a veteran, and you are interested in benefiting from the Yellow Ribbon Program, you must submit an online form for our office to consider.   The online form for SIPA will go live on Tuesday, June 1st, 2010 at 1:00 P.M. EST.   As stipulated by the Post 9/11 GI Bill, eligibility for the Yellow Ribbon Program is determined on a first-come, first-served basis, so it is important that you complete this form as soon as possible after it goes live. The link to the form for those interested in the Yellow Ribbon Program will go live on the following site on Tuesday, June 1st at 1:00 P.M. EST.   I encourage you to visit the link now to familiarize yourself with the page and where the Yellow Ribbon link resides.   The link will be on the bottom of the page but it will not activate until the stated time of Tuesday, June 1st at 1:00 P.M. EST: http://sipa.columbia.edu/resources_services/financial_aid/forms_online.html For more information about veteran affairs at Columbia more generally, please visit: www.veteranaffairs.columbia.edu.

The Exploration of Metaphysical Slavery in The Slave - Literature Essay Samples

The novel The Slave by Isaac Bashevis Singer is an introspective work in that it urges the readers to look amongst their own lives and determine what makes them who they are. Throughout the course of the novel the protagonist, Jacob experiences a variety of physical, and most tellingly, spiritual pitfalls that lead him on a journey to uncover what makes him and those of his lineage the ones that will be redeemed. Jacob may never exactly pinpoint the cause of human suffering as he so firmly declares, we are all slaves Gods slaves ones life is preordained perhaps? Are humans subject to God in that they are slaves to both their shortcomings, thereby preventing self-progress, and additionally, humanities past imperfections? The author explores the concept of metaphysical slavery through the use of mood and by insinuating this as being a central theme. Throughout the novel, Jacob acts in accordance with his moral standards as one brought up by the Jewish community, a stringent and vehemently rule-driven society. The Jewish mindset evidently places their ways as superior to all those which they would consider pagans, We do not have such murderers among the Jews, No? What do the Jewish aristocrats do? The Jews have no gentry, who owns the land? The Jews have no land (23). By taking Jacob away from the land of his forefathers Singer effectively places him in a situation in which he is out of his element as well as without means of immediate escape, with this the reader is able to see with him a more robust understanding of the murderous pagans. Wanda is the means to this change in mindset, with his infatuation towards this ignorant and unclean infidel Jacobs provincial mindset is allowed to wander into the realm of uncertainty. This by no means ever leads him to outright go against his teachings or his faith, yet it does allow him to ponder the causes of suffering through a wider lens, Lamented the injustice visited on all living things: Jews, Gentiles, even the flies and gnats crawling on the hips of the cattle (63). Other than liberating the scope of his views, Jacob through his physical liberation is better able to identify the causes of his spiritual bondage. Jacob cannot help but see the injustices in the lands he visits including amongst his own kind, yet it is clear that regardless of the strong examples that Singer conveys, through his text, they do not serve to drive away Jacob from his journey to Gods domain into dark and forbidden paths, at least Jacob does not feel this way. This is the essential point, since Jacob regardless of the cardinal and constant sins he has committed, is unashamed to stand in the presence of his maker at novels end, it proves that at least subconsciously he has liberated himself from the chains of implied inadequacy. No, he does not consider himself redeemed nor forgiven, he remains firm in his beliefs as one with his foundations would, yet what liberates him from despair is essentially his assertion that he is inadvertently bound, Everything remained the same the ancient love, the ancient grief or who knew, perhaps it was always the same Jacob and the same Rachel(279). Singer here wants the reader to ponder whether this concept of preordination, of a never-ending cycle, to be the means to redemption, going back to Jacobs assertion that we are all His slaves, does this liberate us from fault? Does this belief take free will and agency out of the equation? For Jacob, this is the redemption that his unclean and doubtful self-had b een searching for. The Jews for their part also follow a cycle of bondage yet in a manner that doesnt bode well for them. The community as a whole is characterized by the numerous amounts of laws which according to their holy texts they must live by in order to remain pure and be able to stand shamelessly in the day of judgment. Jacob however, with his numerous years of exile states that there is much that he did not realize about these his race. The exact words he uses are that he was not conscious before of much of what he now realizes, it would seem that his journey really was liberating. The Torah appears to be the supreme law with a variety of lesser scripture such as the Mishnah and the Gemara, it is here that Jacob takes issue with the openness of these many laws, in the later commandments the laws were as numerous as the sands of the desert a wry thought occurred to him: if this continued, nothing would be kosher, what would the Jews live on then? Hot coals?(117). Through great pondering t he Jewish scholars scholars and even the commoners have placed the Jewish community in a position in which their freedoms become less and less numerous, in this way the Jews seemingly become slaves to their numerous laws, laws which did not prevent the sacking of their towns by the Cossacks. This idea is subjective, however; some may find solace and freedom in the intense guidance that these statutes bring, and the greater issue is also contingent on this concept of subjectivity. By choosing to only obey parts of the law, the superficial kind,they ignore the greatest commandment, loving God, yet how can they love God when all He desires is for man to love his neighbor? The numerous sufferings that the Jews face do not seem to deter them in their circular path of iniquity according to Jacobs views based on the numerous people he has encountered, The Jews had learned nothing from their ordeal; rather suffering had pushed them lower(119). If Jacobs interpretation of the Jews action is in any way accurate it shows that while adversity may bring humility to some it is but a moments feeling and back they go to their hateful ways, in this way the Jews depicted by Singer are slaves to their own avarice and shortcomings. Clearly, Singer attempts to drive the point of metaphorica l slavery as he uses numerous examples both narrow and broad to point the reader toward his criticism of certain Jewish practices and the numerous ways that the ideology makes one a slave to God and to oneself. Singer, through Jacobs words and reasonings as well as his treatment on his pilgrimage, conveys to the reader conflicting feelings; what is usually constant however is the hypocrisy and overall feeling of cynicism their actions give the reader. This is not to give a sense of stereotype however, there are many fellow Jews which lend Jacob a hand regardless of his sometimes shameful position, what it does serve for however is to urge the reader to give thought to how and why they act in their faith. Is it for self-fulfillment? self-gain? Perhaps these factors are more descriptive of the clergyman rather than the Followers. Regardless of the cause or the reasoning Singer places forward the argument that perhaps this perversion of the established laws and commandments while supposedly done to liberate in reality bound one to ones own ineptitude.

Increasing Utilization Of Mental Health And Health Services

Criteria #3: Increasing Utilization of Mental Health and Health Services The availability of professional services to accommodate all aspects of a healthy child is important to establish in a Community School environment participating Community Schools is partnering with CBO’s partners and their health service team provide the necessary services for the school. Increase Mental Health/Health Services: In year 1: 60% of students and/or families will demonstrate an increase in utilization of mental health and health services. In year 2: 70% of students and/or families will demonstrate an increase in utilization of mental health and health services In order to evaluate the effectiveness of their services, we will implement a process [X/O] and post-treatment [X O] using a convenience sample. The methods associated with this component include a document review of positive indicators such as utilization tracking records from CBO health and mental health tracking first-time visits, repeat visits, the number of patients that are recommended for services compared to the number that take advantage of the services, and records of attendance sheets for preventive workshops. Maintaining confidentiality between the CBO partners and the families that benefit from their services will be of utmost importance during the evaluation period. Personal information will not be revealed, nor any other information that could, in any way, be considered a breach of confidentiality. TheShow MoreRelatedThe National Comorbidity Survey Replication Advocates1660 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION The National Comorbidity Survey Replication advocates that many mental health issues emerge during childhood and adolescence with half of all lifetime mental illnesses starting by age 14 (Kessler et al., 2005). 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Police Brutality Racism - 1340 Words

Police brutality in America has been known to put fear in the lives of many Americans. Although police brutality is played out across all avenues of the media and many people see this happening, it yet does not change the fact that racism still exists in the justice system of America. People in positions of power yet have not done anything to rectify the situation and this has lead to the rise of â€Å"Black Lives Matter† movement. Numerous opportunities have been presented to officials to speak up about this one huge problem in America, yet there is so much more that can be done to help better the racial tension between police and people of color. If the racial tension between law enforcement and people of color continues to grow in America†¦show more content†¦Only rarely do officers use excessive force, though they must often make instant decisions in tense situations. Crime has steadily declined over the last two decades as the result of assertive policing. Creat ing civilian review boards only adds to bureaucracy, invites political manipulation, and keeps police from doing their jobs. Those who agree that the appropriate force is used are oblivious to the fact that not all policemen use the right amount of force and could possibly be racist but this goes unrecognized. The death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri was due to excessive force and caused riots in the year of 2014 because many believe it was due to racism in the justice system. The justice system is also failing because it lets cops who kill these innocent men go and return to the force after suspension. Many say, â€Å"the deaths of black men like Brown at the hands of police are far too common†. Indeed, these deaths are common and body cameras will help eliminate these problems. If these these deaths of black men are common, why are body cameras for policemen a such big deal and why do many disagree with the use of body cameras†? 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Racism is complicated, systemic and institutional as described by researchers; (Jones, 1997): personal, which may be considered the same as prejudice (Allport, 1958); institutional, involving a set of environmental conditionsRead MoreRacism : The Main Causes Of Police Brutality709 Words   |  3 PagesPolice brutality has been an issue for many decades and still is a concern that people have. Officers shouldn’t even think about using that type of violence around people unless it is absolutely necessary. Police brutality has even come to a point of death. According to Encyclopedia.com, police brutality is â€Å"the use of any force exceeding that reasonably necessary to accomplish a lawful police purpose†. In other words, police brutality is when an officer takes advantage of their power. Racism isRead MoreDr. Wolfe s Sociological Training910 Words   |  4 Pages1. In Dr. Wolfe’s statement on the recent events that have taken place in Baltimore he talks about police brutality, crime, racism, and inequality. Dr. Wolfe’s sociological training affects the way he looks at these events. In his statement he talks about how police brutality is not just happening among â€Å"a few bad apples† but instead how it is a systemic issue. He may be right but he also may be wrong. Dr. Wolfe is trained to study race, the criminal justice system and the relationship between bothRead MorePolice Brutality And The United States Essay1408 Words   |  6 PagesPolice brutality in the United States has escalated in recent times. To develop a peaceful environment amongst human beings, one of the main topics to look at is human rights. While more often than not, police brutality violates the concept of human rights it is still a very important task to discuss the topic and create possible solutions to such a concerning and threatening issues in the United States. In this case, statistics is a very important factor that is required to display how serious ofRead MorePolice Brutality1519 Words   |  7 Pagesfive centuries, black people have endured violence in many different ways. Today, police officers use deadly, excessive force that leads to inexcusable assaults, beatings and shootings. This demonstrates the governmentÐ ¢s role in initiating and prolonging racial suppression and provides the explanation for police brutality to become a federal crime(Black Radical Congress, 3). In history, racist violence, police brutality, has been used to suppress the racial blacks and to preserve power and privilegesRead MorePolice Brutality And The End Of Injustice910 Words   |  4 Pagesthe hands of police officers who tend to careless on what’s the meaning of their position, and they seem to only care that their position makes them â€Å"unstoppa ble† which is why they do whatever they please. Unfortunately, those who face injustice right in the eye cannot speak for themselves since their life is taken away instantly or are being incarcerated because â€Å"justice† usually favors the incorrupt. Across the United States, over thirty citizens have been murdered and beaten by police (â€Å"30 Cases†¦Ã¢â‚¬ )

Richard Layard Stated “Happiness Comes from Outside and...

Essay ECA Richard Layard stated â€Å"Happiness comes from outside and within â€Å". Explain this statement, drawing from evidence from chapters 3 and 5 of the course. What is happiness? – The Encarta Dictionary – describes happiness as â€Å"feeling or showing pleasure, contentment or joy â€Å". In speaking of â€Å"from outside† Layard is referring peoples social identities, roles, group membership and the culture they live in. Whilst, in speaking of â€Å"within† Layard is referring to the brain/ biology, peoples thinking and feelings. This essay will attempt to explain some of these influences on happiness and ask whether its nature (biology/genes) or nurture (culture, relationships, past experiences) which has the greatest effect on levels of†¦show more content†¦Julian Rotter (1966) Spears et al – describes this as the â€Å"locus of control†. He concludes that people with an internal â€Å"locus of control† are more likely to take positive action when they are unhappy as opposed to people with an external â€Å"locus of control† who are less likely to attempt any action as they believe that whatever they do there will be no change. In a study Ellen Langer Judy Rodin (1976) Spears et al – looked at this concept of â€Å"locus of control† in a residential home setting. They illustrated that control over quite small areas of peoples lives can lead to profound effects on mental alertness, health and happiness. One group was given control over decisions such as .. .room arrangement, meals and meal times – having a plant to care for.... on the face of it small decisions. Another group in the home had all these types of decisions made for them. The group with more control over their daily lives suffered lower mortality rates. The roles people play are both a source of happiness and unhappiness. People that feel needed and valued in their roles are more likely to feel happier than people

Essay on George Orwell and Winston Smith in Nineteen...

George Orwell and Winston Smith in Nineteen Eighty-Four On each landing, opposite the lift shaft, the poster with the enormous face gazed from the wall. It was one of those pictures which are so contrived that the eyes follow you about when you move. BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU, the caption beneath it ran. (Orwell 4 Nineteen). George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four presents a negative utopian picture, a society ruled by rigid totalitarianism. The government which Orwell creates in his novel is ruled by an entity known as Big Brother and consists of three branches. The Ministry of Truth, overseeing the distribution of propaganda and other printed materials, the Ministry of War, the millitary unit, and the Ministry of†¦show more content†¦If a person or organization in power finds a fact damaging or out of sync with his cause, he can simply change it by the manner in which it is reported. Orwell states, A certain degree of truthfulness was possible so long as it was admitted that a fact may be true even if you dont like it. (Revising 1). He is supporting his ideas with an obvious example familiar to most. World War II, Orwell points out, had two very distinct slants depending on whether you subscribe to the Nazi account or that of their enemies. Another telling example he spoke of was the b roadcasted outcome of the Spanish Civil War being decided by the winning powers preferences. Simply put, Orwell boldly claims that History is written by the winners, (Orwell, Revising 1). So Orwells own distrust is obvious in his creation of the Ministry of Truth. It is here where his main character, Winston, is employed forming propaganda and changing past facts to coincide with whatever lies Big Brother is feeding the general public. According to Woodcock, Orwell definitely based the Ministry of Truth and Winstons work on his experiences at the BBC (9). Winstons role in Big Brothers government was a projected charicteristic of Orwells political opinions. Furter exemplifying the attribution of Orwells characteristics through Winston Smith, is the manifestation of Orwells political views in Winstons own writings. Although OrwellShow MoreRelatedGeorge Orwell s Nineteen Eighty Four1651 Words   |  7 Pagesparticularly interested with this topic. The novel Nineteen Eighty-Four perfectly fits my interest since it’s about governments and propagandas. As a result, I chose my research question to be: â€Å"How and why does the Party use propaganda? How does this compare to some of the modern propagandas used across the world during not only World War II but during current times as well?†. The novel Nineteen Eighty-Four is a dystopian fiction novel written by George Orwell. The story takes place in an imaginary countryRead MoreCriticism on George Orwells 1984869 Words   |  4 Pagesdangerous to totalitarian control. The critical essay â€Å"George Orwell and the Mad World: The Anti-Universe of 1984† by Ralph A. Ranald discusses the theme of controlled madness and of a reverse society in George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four. Ranald argues that Nineteen Eighty-Four is about â€Å"†¦religion reversed, law and government reversed, and above all, language reversed: not simply corrupted, but reversed† (Ranald 251). He refers to Winston as an â€Å"antihero† (Ranald 250), and â€Å"implies the abilityRead MoreEssay about 1984: Nineteen Eighty-four and People1649 Words   |  7 Pagessimply to maximize their own personal power. George Orwell had witnessed World War II, the fall of Hitler and Stalin’s dictatorships, and the fatal ou tcomes that have come from these governments. To warn future generations of the harsh effects of totalitarianism governments, he wrote the book Nineteen Eighty-Four. Published in 1946, Nineteen Eighty-Four describes life in a totalitarianism form of government, following the main character, Winston Smith, as he takes risks in discovering how he believesRead MoreThe Dystopian Novel, Brave New World By Aldous Huxley And Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1405 Words   |  6 Pagesthat there is no mistaking the message. Authors such as George Orwell, Ray Bradbury, and Aldous Huxley extend characteristics of their societies to the breaking point in order to warn the public to avoid the possible self-destruction of humanity, as well as illustrating that sexuality is the main source of change. This genre study used the most renowned and recognized works of the dystopian genre: Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell, Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, and Fahrenheit 451 byRead More1984: Governments Attempt to Control the Mind and Bodies of Its Citiz1253 Words   |  6 Pages1984: Governments Attempt to Control The Mind and Bodies of Its Citizens The novel Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell is an American classic which explores the human mind when it comes to power, corruption, control, and the ultimate utopian society. Orwell indirectly proposes that power given to the government will ultimately become corrupt and they will attempt to force all to conform to their one set standard. He also sets forth the idea that the corrupted government will attempt toRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Great Gatsby 1285 Words   |  6 PagesMr.Booth Period 6 English 12/3/14 Author Study of George Orwell George Orwell was a literary tactician who won two major awards because of hia advanced and intriguing use of propaganda. At first glance, his books appear to be stories about animals, however, they contain much deeper and influential meanings. Orwell is most recognized for his portrayal of dystopian societies and how they parallel present society. Through intense allegories, Orwell unintentionally crafted novels that are applicableRead MoreNineteen Eighty Four By George Orwell Essay1601 Words   |  7 PagesBook Review for Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell Jason Lee December 12, 2015 SECTION A Date published June 8, 1949 City where published London, England Publisher Secker Warburg Number of pages 267 SECTION B Summary of your book (key details only...address the beginning, middle, and end of the book) Nineteen Eighty-Four takes place in the fictional nationRead MoreNineteen Eighty-Four1326 Words   |  6 PagesNineteen Eighty-Four â€Å"Government, is not reason; it is not eloquent; it is force. Like fire, it is a dangerous servant and a fearful master.†, this famous quote was stated by George Washington. The thesis of Nineteen Eighty-Four is how giving government too much control destroys freedom. The quote from George Washington explains exactly what the Party is, in the book Nineteen Eighty-Four. Nineteen Eighty-Four is written by George Orwell which was one of Eric Arthur Blair’s two pen names, theRead More Animal Farm: Communism Through The Eyes Of George Orwell Essay2475 Words   |  10 Pages Animal Farm: Communism Through The Eyes of George Orwell Throughout history, writers have written about many different subjects based on their personal experiences. George Orwell was the pen name of Eric Blair. He is one of the most famous political satirists of the twentieth century. He was born in Bengal, India in 1903 to an English Civil Servant and died in 1950. He attended Eton from 1917 to 1921, and served with the Indian Imperial Police in Burma from 1922 to 1927 before moving to EuropeRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Nineteen Eighty Four 1359 Words   |  6 PagesIn Nineteen Eighty Four, George Orwell locates his novel in a politically dystopian society. A dystopia is a â€Å"bad place†, being translated from the Greek words dis topos. This term was created to be seen as the opposite of a Utopia after the novel Utopia was written by Thomas More. Dystopian novels are written to daunt the reader of how future societies will turn out. The term has become more common in today s society and is translated into, a dark or unpleasant future. Nineteen Eighty Four shows

Building Types through Time Free Essays

string(117) " revolution influenced the normal life style of almost every individual, who became a part of the new machine world\." Since the evolution of mankind, he has been in the struggle of creating and molding the world and its raw resources according to his dire needs and comfort. When Adam and Eve were sent down to an absolute barren world they had all the resources unrestricted, and in an unlimited amount, but what they didn’t have then was knowledge of exploiting them or even the crave of attaining comfort of unimaginable means. They lived in small stone caves, supported with branches of trees and nature, sheltering themselves just like their peer animals. We will write a custom essay sample on Building Types through Time or any similar topic only for you Order Now Man since the very beginning has been the same animal, however the way his surroundings changed and his abilities evolved, he gained the potential of achieving the maximum efficiency and production from his living designs and that is the concept of derived modernism in man’s life today. What identifies man from other animals of his race is his ability to think, to create and then design it according to his own needs. And his ability to find and form a shelter for him self and his family, has been his habit since prehistoric times; while the economy and technology have been changing throughout his life, so have been the forms of his construction and way of living. The word architecture can be taken in a very broad manner; from the residential houses, bungalows, flats and apartments, to commercial plazas, offices, shops and industrial structures. While over the time, with the malting of candle of time the architectural form which has witnessed the greatest change due to societal, demographical, economical, political and technological changes is that of residential buildings and its architecture. Stone Age Constructions Taking a look back into the history of mankind, we see that during the Stone Age’s man started off his life in animal like caves, and under canopies of trees, which could provide them shelter from the changing seasons and protection from the wild animals around. He did not possess the knowledge or the tools to formulate anything more comfortable for himself and did not even have the potential of doing so. The human living status however soon shifted to tents and huts, to meet greater needs of self sufficiency. With the growth of man’s needs and the population size, with the formation of ruling bodies, came the establishment of urban centers. This change in establishment was brought forth by simple use of wood and metal in construction techniques; along with the use of nails, levers and pulleys. Medieval Construction With the 1500 century, residential architecture found a new era of development and progress with the rising of cathedrals, castles, and fortifications; the biggest man made structures even to this time, with their grandeur and magnificent craftsmanship. These huge structures were mainly built for the war purposes, in case of an attack from the enemies, these residences were also used as battlefields. Large forts were built in which entire cities lived so that if any threat to sovereignty occurred the mighty gates were closed, securing the entire population guarded by huge strong walls which surrounded them around. Theses powerful structures, had crosses erected across the glass windows, which represented ready made aims for crossbows, while strong arches and pillars were hiding places for the archers during war times. Thus the residences of the medieval times basically facilitated the warriors and served a stronger protection purpose from the enemies. However, as the world moved towards a greater peaceful living, one of the greatest elements of change that was brought during this period was the discovery of bricks, which greatly eased the production techniques making it less time consuming and gave a greater liberty to the designers. Thus houses shifted from less of being battle fields and more towards homely structures. Renaissance architecture As the world was shifting from living lives less of that of warriors, and had the aesthetic sense slowly inhabiting their culture and tradition, the social lives of the people were on the verge of seeing a major change. Art was slowly becoming a modern part of their lives, which first started the sense of creating the elite and sophisticated class of aristocrats who greatly indulged in the exhibition of this abstract sense. This cultural rebirth was brought by the philosophical and scientific works which were gaining great popularity. The architecture of this period thus presented the aim of joining spaces to human lives, by which the theories of geometry were relate to light and how it varied with different materials, bringing the idea of ‘perspective viewing’ for the first time. Thus first architectural plans came into being, where designs were laid out first before they were rectified, and the idea plunged from France, to Italy, England and took over the rest of the world. Thus the new perspectives were further refined by the coming of the Baroque Architecture in the 17th Century, which redefined Renaissance with the agility of sculptures and theatrical fashion clean sweeping the olden ideas established by the staunch Church laws, which represented the religious shift of people from pure Catholicism to Protestants. It thus gained is freedom through fortifying grand palaces in Paris, London and then the rest of the world, the period giving birth to the world’s greatest architects such as Michelangelo and Carlo Maderno. Industrial Revolution and the rise of Modern Techniques The Industrial Revolution, a period which elongated from the late 18th to the early 19th Century, was an era which brought major structural changes in agriculture, manufacturing and transportation; greatly influencing the socioeconomic and cultural status of people in the North America and Britain, which later slowly took over the entire world. This was an era, in which machinery was gradually taking over manual and animal drift labor, whereby impossible acts seemed to be coming to reality, with massive production, less time consumption, greater efficiency, lower costs as well as magnified distribution facilities. This revolution influenced the normal life style of almost every individual, who became a part of the new machine world. You read "Building Types through Time" in category "Papers" The turning point was brought by the easier transportation techniques, reinforced with the development of steam engines, giving life to trains, canals and road; and also the usage of metal and steel at higher levels for stronger and machinery. This metal was being used for the development of I-Beams and reinforced concrete; glass panels were being excessively installed, with more intricate wooden work now being made possible with precise machinery, able to work on minute details. Also with the launch of plumbing techniques, access to drinking water became easier, and thus houses could now even be built further away from a water source. However the Industrial Revolution, also gave rise to the new riches and poor who had been forced out of the income stream. It divided the community into two halves, the capitalist’s class who were the rich factory owners and industrialists living in enormous castles and gardens to meddle in, while the poor labor class hardly survived in small houses clustered in abundance across a street, which shared sanitation facilities. Epidemics of disease plagued these claustrophobic areas, where there were almost no plumbing facilities, no food supplies and large families living in houses of one or two rooms, with no government rules to intervene with the inhumane conditions. Victorian Architecture The Victorian era, which predominantly attained its name; through the rule of Queen Victoria (from 1837 to 1901); is most importantly remembered for the grace and elegance that it brought in the architectural sense of that time period. The newly established Industrial Revolution, which had made machine made products now cheaper and easier to use by the majority of the people, saw the development of complex houses, different from their regular box like forms. The architects ad constructors found themselves exploding with ideas and notions which were diverse and freed themselves from the traditional forms, and allowed them to play with bolder colors, elaborate and prudent exterior fixtures. With the growth of trade, and growing influx of people to and forth different parts of the world; brought in more creative ideas. The most famous of the Victorian houses were the Gothic styles, or commonly known as the gingerbread homes; due to their strong color and intricate structures, derived their inspiration from Western Europe. As the era became more engrossed in maintaining grander, the Italianate style came in formation with huge arches and pediments influenced from the Roman Architecture were camouflaged into everyday houses, with porches elaborated with a centered square. As urbanized architecture was on the rise, mass and cheaper productions of materials were required, which it initiated the development of wooden shingles rather than the thick wooden use; thus for the first time the working class could erect their own homes, giving birth to the English traditional cottage style and American homestead, popularly known today as the Folk Victorian architecture. While the richer class dwelled in more expensive sort of ‘Queen Anne homes,’ with unequal floor plans, numerous arched windows, grand porches, elaborate, fancy gardens all fountain set and decorative windows and doors. While the American architecture of mansions consisted of large stone buildings, topped with giant chimneys, large windows and decorated with massive sculptures around the house. Moreover, the Industrial Revolution provided the cheap availability of brass and steel hardware utilized throughout these houses. History states that every great revolution or civilization meets it end in catastrophe, and so did the Victorian Era, whose closure was marked by the First World War in 1914. Whereas on the other hand, modernization and rise in incomes which was brought by the Industrial revolution, was further engulfed by the Great Depression, which plagued the economic status of the people. This span of downtrodden economies spun from 1929, and ended in the late 1930s to 1940. Modern Architectural Designs The end of the Second World War, brought with it an era of International living, with ever increased communication levels around the global, emerging creativity, sophisticated tools and designs which were impossible before now were standing in the broad daylight exhibiting the evolution of man’s mind to greatness. With the emergence of developing countries, new and intricate ideas were on the rise. Where structures stood on abstract lines, giving the architects a wide field to play with geometrical figures and culminate them into an extraordinary structure, each standing a loaf from the other in every aspect. In the 1930’s came the idea of Art Deco, which exploited the use of various other materials such as nickel, chrome, stainless steel and aluminum. These substances proved to be more efficient and cheaper to use. However, to accommodate the war trodden refugees houses which were more simple and quicker to produce were introduced, making elaborate use of glass, flat roofs and simple interior. While most of these houses were duplicates of each other lacking individuality, but enough to meet up with daily needs; whereas an attached garage was a new feature. The second Industrial Revolution, in the early 20th century, with the aid of computer generation, and even efficient poor tools and machinery, led to the establishment of elevators and escalators, to approach the high rise buildings, later turning into skyscrapers, and it attained its maximum with the building of the twin towers of the World Trade Centre in New York in 1977, which however faced its tragedy in 2001 due to the rising political calamity through the world. The modern architecture is a blend of boldness, affordability, abstract designs and comfort; which all look towards the gleaming future of innovation. However, an aspect which cannot be avoided in these residences is their connection still staying strong with the traditional lines and patterns of their ancestors, which gives it a stronger and more sustainable area of growth, developing its roots for a longer time of existence. Nevertheless, the social status of the modern homes is evolving towards smaller families usually comprising of four members, thus such families also prefer living in a relatively smaller house, which is cost effective and could be easily be maintained by the mediocre earning of both the parents. Today with the growing urbanization and over utilization of resources, most of the residential architecture of the modern times is moving towards energy conservation and more of a sustainable development, which is easy to maintain and is less heavy upon the incomes of individuals. The residences of the future will be less of consumer friendly but more catering towards the needs of the environment. Throughout the world resources have been exploited to their maximum, with the increasing green houses effect, global warming, curtailing energy resources, and growing population levels there is a need of the creation of â€Å"Green Building,† which focuses upon conservation of energy, materials and water, which would have least externalities upon human health and the environment. Thus architecture is a living source, which evolves with time, perspective and society, taking over the shape and style which best meets its needs of the present as well for the generations to follow. References Dixon, Roger and Muthesius, Stephan. (1978) Victorian architecture. Thames Hudson. ISBN 0-500-18163-2 Ching,F. , Jarzombek, M. , Prakash, V. (2006). A Global History of Architecture. John Wiley and Sons Inc. Hopkins, R. (2002). A Natural Way of Building. Transition Culture. Retrieved on April 26, 2009 from http://transitionculture. org/essential-info/articles/a-natural-way-of-building-2002/ Pater, P. (1976). Renaissance Rome. University of California Press The Architectural Timeline: Victorian. Retrieved on April 26, 2009 from http://houseofantiquehardware. com/site/timeline/tl_victorian. html Theisson, A. The Evolution of American Residential Architecture. Retrieved on April 24, 2009 from http://www. helium. com/items/1366726-american-residential-architecture? page=2 How to cite Building Types through Time, Papers

Building Types through Time Free Essays

string(117) " revolution influenced the normal life style of almost every individual, who became a part of the new machine world\." Since the evolution of mankind, he has been in the struggle of creating and molding the world and its raw resources according to his dire needs and comfort. When Adam and Eve were sent down to an absolute barren world they had all the resources unrestricted, and in an unlimited amount, but what they didn’t have then was knowledge of exploiting them or even the crave of attaining comfort of unimaginable means. They lived in small stone caves, supported with branches of trees and nature, sheltering themselves just like their peer animals. We will write a custom essay sample on Building Types through Time or any similar topic only for you Order Now Man since the very beginning has been the same animal, however the way his surroundings changed and his abilities evolved, he gained the potential of achieving the maximum efficiency and production from his living designs and that is the concept of derived modernism in man’s life today. What identifies man from other animals of his race is his ability to think, to create and then design it according to his own needs. And his ability to find and form a shelter for him self and his family, has been his habit since prehistoric times; while the economy and technology have been changing throughout his life, so have been the forms of his construction and way of living. The word architecture can be taken in a very broad manner; from the residential houses, bungalows, flats and apartments, to commercial plazas, offices, shops and industrial structures. While over the time, with the malting of candle of time the architectural form which has witnessed the greatest change due to societal, demographical, economical, political and technological changes is that of residential buildings and its architecture. Stone Age Constructions Taking a look back into the history of mankind, we see that during the Stone Age’s man started off his life in animal like caves, and under canopies of trees, which could provide them shelter from the changing seasons and protection from the wild animals around. He did not possess the knowledge or the tools to formulate anything more comfortable for himself and did not even have the potential of doing so. The human living status however soon shifted to tents and huts, to meet greater needs of self sufficiency. With the growth of man’s needs and the population size, with the formation of ruling bodies, came the establishment of urban centers. This change in establishment was brought forth by simple use of wood and metal in construction techniques; along with the use of nails, levers and pulleys. Medieval Construction With the 1500 century, residential architecture found a new era of development and progress with the rising of cathedrals, castles, and fortifications; the biggest man made structures even to this time, with their grandeur and magnificent craftsmanship. These huge structures were mainly built for the war purposes, in case of an attack from the enemies, these residences were also used as battlefields. Large forts were built in which entire cities lived so that if any threat to sovereignty occurred the mighty gates were closed, securing the entire population guarded by huge strong walls which surrounded them around. Theses powerful structures, had crosses erected across the glass windows, which represented ready made aims for crossbows, while strong arches and pillars were hiding places for the archers during war times. Thus the residences of the medieval times basically facilitated the warriors and served a stronger protection purpose from the enemies. However, as the world moved towards a greater peaceful living, one of the greatest elements of change that was brought during this period was the discovery of bricks, which greatly eased the production techniques making it less time consuming and gave a greater liberty to the designers. Thus houses shifted from less of being battle fields and more towards homely structures. Renaissance architecture As the world was shifting from living lives less of that of warriors, and had the aesthetic sense slowly inhabiting their culture and tradition, the social lives of the people were on the verge of seeing a major change. Art was slowly becoming a modern part of their lives, which first started the sense of creating the elite and sophisticated class of aristocrats who greatly indulged in the exhibition of this abstract sense. This cultural rebirth was brought by the philosophical and scientific works which were gaining great popularity. The architecture of this period thus presented the aim of joining spaces to human lives, by which the theories of geometry were relate to light and how it varied with different materials, bringing the idea of ‘perspective viewing’ for the first time. Thus first architectural plans came into being, where designs were laid out first before they were rectified, and the idea plunged from France, to Italy, England and took over the rest of the world. Thus the new perspectives were further refined by the coming of the Baroque Architecture in the 17th Century, which redefined Renaissance with the agility of sculptures and theatrical fashion clean sweeping the olden ideas established by the staunch Church laws, which represented the religious shift of people from pure Catholicism to Protestants. It thus gained is freedom through fortifying grand palaces in Paris, London and then the rest of the world, the period giving birth to the world’s greatest architects such as Michelangelo and Carlo Maderno. Industrial Revolution and the rise of Modern Techniques The Industrial Revolution, a period which elongated from the late 18th to the early 19th Century, was an era which brought major structural changes in agriculture, manufacturing and transportation; greatly influencing the socioeconomic and cultural status of people in the North America and Britain, which later slowly took over the entire world. This was an era, in which machinery was gradually taking over manual and animal drift labor, whereby impossible acts seemed to be coming to reality, with massive production, less time consumption, greater efficiency, lower costs as well as magnified distribution facilities. This revolution influenced the normal life style of almost every individual, who became a part of the new machine world. You read "Building Types through Time" in category "Papers" The turning point was brought by the easier transportation techniques, reinforced with the development of steam engines, giving life to trains, canals and road; and also the usage of metal and steel at higher levels for stronger and machinery. This metal was being used for the development of I-Beams and reinforced concrete; glass panels were being excessively installed, with more intricate wooden work now being made possible with precise machinery, able to work on minute details. Also with the launch of plumbing techniques, access to drinking water became easier, and thus houses could now even be built further away from a water source. However the Industrial Revolution, also gave rise to the new riches and poor who had been forced out of the income stream. It divided the community into two halves, the capitalist’s class who were the rich factory owners and industrialists living in enormous castles and gardens to meddle in, while the poor labor class hardly survived in small houses clustered in abundance across a street, which shared sanitation facilities. Epidemics of disease plagued these claustrophobic areas, where there were almost no plumbing facilities, no food supplies and large families living in houses of one or two rooms, with no government rules to intervene with the inhumane conditions. Victorian Architecture The Victorian era, which predominantly attained its name; through the rule of Queen Victoria (from 1837 to 1901); is most importantly remembered for the grace and elegance that it brought in the architectural sense of that time period. The newly established Industrial Revolution, which had made machine made products now cheaper and easier to use by the majority of the people, saw the development of complex houses, different from their regular box like forms. The architects ad constructors found themselves exploding with ideas and notions which were diverse and freed themselves from the traditional forms, and allowed them to play with bolder colors, elaborate and prudent exterior fixtures. With the growth of trade, and growing influx of people to and forth different parts of the world; brought in more creative ideas. The most famous of the Victorian houses were the Gothic styles, or commonly known as the gingerbread homes; due to their strong color and intricate structures, derived their inspiration from Western Europe. As the era became more engrossed in maintaining grander, the Italianate style came in formation with huge arches and pediments influenced from the Roman Architecture were camouflaged into everyday houses, with porches elaborated with a centered square. As urbanized architecture was on the rise, mass and cheaper productions of materials were required, which it initiated the development of wooden shingles rather than the thick wooden use; thus for the first time the working class could erect their own homes, giving birth to the English traditional cottage style and American homestead, popularly known today as the Folk Victorian architecture. While the richer class dwelled in more expensive sort of ‘Queen Anne homes,’ with unequal floor plans, numerous arched windows, grand porches, elaborate, fancy gardens all fountain set and decorative windows and doors. While the American architecture of mansions consisted of large stone buildings, topped with giant chimneys, large windows and decorated with massive sculptures around the house. Moreover, the Industrial Revolution provided the cheap availability of brass and steel hardware utilized throughout these houses. History states that every great revolution or civilization meets it end in catastrophe, and so did the Victorian Era, whose closure was marked by the First World War in 1914. Whereas on the other hand, modernization and rise in incomes which was brought by the Industrial revolution, was further engulfed by the Great Depression, which plagued the economic status of the people. This span of downtrodden economies spun from 1929, and ended in the late 1930s to 1940. Modern Architectural Designs The end of the Second World War, brought with it an era of International living, with ever increased communication levels around the global, emerging creativity, sophisticated tools and designs which were impossible before now were standing in the broad daylight exhibiting the evolution of man’s mind to greatness. With the emergence of developing countries, new and intricate ideas were on the rise. Where structures stood on abstract lines, giving the architects a wide field to play with geometrical figures and culminate them into an extraordinary structure, each standing a loaf from the other in every aspect. In the 1930’s came the idea of Art Deco, which exploited the use of various other materials such as nickel, chrome, stainless steel and aluminum. These substances proved to be more efficient and cheaper to use. However, to accommodate the war trodden refugees houses which were more simple and quicker to produce were introduced, making elaborate use of glass, flat roofs and simple interior. While most of these houses were duplicates of each other lacking individuality, but enough to meet up with daily needs; whereas an attached garage was a new feature. The second Industrial Revolution, in the early 20th century, with the aid of computer generation, and even efficient poor tools and machinery, led to the establishment of elevators and escalators, to approach the high rise buildings, later turning into skyscrapers, and it attained its maximum with the building of the twin towers of the World Trade Centre in New York in 1977, which however faced its tragedy in 2001 due to the rising political calamity through the world. The modern architecture is a blend of boldness, affordability, abstract designs and comfort; which all look towards the gleaming future of innovation. However, an aspect which cannot be avoided in these residences is their connection still staying strong with the traditional lines and patterns of their ancestors, which gives it a stronger and more sustainable area of growth, developing its roots for a longer time of existence. Nevertheless, the social status of the modern homes is evolving towards smaller families usually comprising of four members, thus such families also prefer living in a relatively smaller house, which is cost effective and could be easily be maintained by the mediocre earning of both the parents. Today with the growing urbanization and over utilization of resources, most of the residential architecture of the modern times is moving towards energy conservation and more of a sustainable development, which is easy to maintain and is less heavy upon the incomes of individuals. The residences of the future will be less of consumer friendly but more catering towards the needs of the environment. Throughout the world resources have been exploited to their maximum, with the increasing green houses effect, global warming, curtailing energy resources, and growing population levels there is a need of the creation of â€Å"Green Building,† which focuses upon conservation of energy, materials and water, which would have least externalities upon human health and the environment. Thus architecture is a living source, which evolves with time, perspective and society, taking over the shape and style which best meets its needs of the present as well for the generations to follow. References Dixon, Roger and Muthesius, Stephan. (1978) Victorian architecture. Thames Hudson. ISBN 0-500-18163-2 Ching,F. , Jarzombek, M. , Prakash, V. (2006). A Global History of Architecture. John Wiley and Sons Inc. Hopkins, R. (2002). A Natural Way of Building. Transition Culture. Retrieved on April 26, 2009 from http://transitionculture. org/essential-info/articles/a-natural-way-of-building-2002/ Pater, P. (1976). Renaissance Rome. University of California Press The Architectural Timeline: Victorian. Retrieved on April 26, 2009 from http://houseofantiquehardware. com/site/timeline/tl_victorian. html Theisson, A. The Evolution of American Residential Architecture. Retrieved on April 24, 2009 from http://www. helium. com/items/1366726-american-residential-architecture? page=2 How to cite Building Types through Time, Papers

Pharmacological Academic Performance Enhancement †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Pharmacological Academic Performance Enhancement. Answer: Introduction The essay deals with the case scenario of Wasim, who is in a dilemma regarding the use of stimulants for academic performance as advised by his friends. In response to the case study management, the essay aims to address the PICO question developed by Wasim, which is Do stimulants increase academic performance in university students? Finding evidence to this question will help Wasim to make clinical decision. The use of the latest research studies about the problem area conscientiously, is referred as evidence-based practice. The essay aims to evaluate the two pieces of evidence pertaining to the clinical area and discuss barriers to implement the evidence. PICO model involves the formulation of well-built clinical foreground question. The four components of the PICO question are - P (population/problem), I (Intervention), C (comparison or placebo), and O (Outcome). In PICO question developed by Wasim university students are population, the stimulants use is intervention, and the academic performance enhancement is the outcome measured. These components help to identify specific literature evidence about the effect of the stimulants (Ahadi Habicht, 2017). Three authors from different professional backgrounds collaborated in the first qualitative research paper titled Life context of pharmacological academic performance enhancement among university students. The first Author, Elisabeth Hildt, is professor of philosophy and director of the Centre for the Study of Ethics in the Professions at Illinois Institute of Technology, where her research focuses on philosophical and ethical issues in neuroscience, most significantly the field of cognitive enhancement. The second Author, known as Professor Klaus Lieb, is the Director of the Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy at Mainz University. The third author AndreasGnterFranke, works as a trainee in Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy at Mainz University (Hildt et al., 2014). Their qualification gives the confidence that the results are reliable. Moreover, the researchers obtained ethics approval for the study from local committee. It can be interpreted that the ethical issues were considered. It is evident that the research is well conducted. The study aimed at reducing the gap concerning the empirical data management related to the enhancement of the academic performance. As there is insufficient literature about contextual factors of the stimulants use and the associated real world effects on the academic outcomes, the aims and objectives of the study seems justified. As per the literature review conducted by the author, it is unclear if the stimulants are used for cognitive and academic performance enhancement. It is unclear if it can also serve any other purpose. In this context, the author has well supported the background and rational for the study supporting with relevant literature. The author has selected qualitative research methodology. For the data collection, face-to-face interview is used as instrument that contains open-ended questions. The interviews are based on semi-structured interview guidelines. A sample size of 18 people was included. As per inclusion criteria, only participants involved in non-medical use of stimulants for academic performance improvement were involved. To get better insights of the participants opinions, values and perception, open-ended questions in qualitative interview is justified. It will help understand the cause underlying the behaviour. The qualitative study will help generate ideas for improvement by studying the impact of stimulants in broad context (Mertens, 2014). As per the study results, the main reason for administering the stimulants is to increase the memorising power and cope up with the academic pressure. The results can be interpreted that the improvement in academic performance due to stimulants is not an isolated performance. The sole target of these smart drugs is not the improvement in cognitive functioning. It is also integrated into the multifaceted context of life, which signifies its crucial relevance. In addition to improvement in the studies, the students can better cope with the academic curriculum and balance it with time off. Thus, it appears to be advantageous for them. It can be concluded that the study aims are achieved. Strength and weakness The credibility of the research is realised from their details given in the paper that includes work experience. Authorship determines the strength of the paper as it ensures that the authors have expertise to conduct research in this domain (LoBiondo-Wood Haber, 2017). Thus, there may be no conflicts of interest about the findings considering the expertise, qualifications, and affiliations. This adds to the merits of the paper. The need of the study is justified as stimulants use (illicit or prescription) among university students is less explored and the study wants to explore the same in broader context (OBrien et al., 2014). The research methodology is justified considering the aim of the strength of the paper. It will help solve the complex problem by breaking into manageable parts. The complexity refers to understanding the interaction of the participants with the stimulants to achieve the university academic goals. As this context is not clear, the qualitative study would be useful to explore the area and link with the mechanisms (Jensen et al., 2016). The findings meet the research aims. The weakness of the study lies in discrepancies in the qualitative data management that was obtained from the interview. There are differences in the subjective experiences of the participants and the objective academic outcomes. Very less participants were used and is major drawback that may hamper the validity and reliability of the data. There is no sufficient details on triangulation process in data analysis. Due to self-selection of participants, there is a chance of potential bias (McCusker Gunaydin, 2015). In the quantitative study four authors from different professional backgrounds collaborated in the quantitative research paper titled, The relationship between nonmedical use of prescription stimulants, executive functioning and academic outcomes. The first author, Bailey A. Munro, and second author, Lisa L. Weyandt, works at University of Rhode Island, United States. The former is a corresponding author associated with the Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program. The second author works in the department of psychology as professor. The third author, Marisa E. Marraccini, works at Alpert Medical School of Brown University, and is associated with Bradley Hasbro Research Center, Rhode Island US. The fourth author, Danielle R. Oster also works at University of Rhode Island, United States in the department of psychology as a professor (Munro et al., 2017). It can be interpreted that the research is well conducted. Therefore, there might not be any discrepancies concerning study findings a s the National Centre for Research Resources of the National Institutes of Health supports the data. The study has clear aim that is to determine the relationship between the nonmedical use of prescription stimulants or NMUPS and Executive functioning among the college students. The author justified the aims and objectives of the study by supporting with relevant studies in this area. Among the college students, the NMUPS has been found to be a burning problem as they are attracted by the improvement in executive functioning and academic performance enhancement (Maier Schaub, 2015). Executive functions relate to goal-directed behaviour, planning skills, cognitive flexibility and self-regulation. When these functions are absent in a person, it leads to poor performance in academics as per literature review. It may cause risk behaviour among students. In this context, the hypothesis developed by the author seems to be justified. The hypothesis is - students may take NMUPS to overcome the executive functioning deficits for academic success. The other hypothesis also seems justified, w hich is NMUPS may moderate the relationship between executive functioning and academic performance. Quantitative research methodology is selected for this research study, and the data is collected through survey questionnaire. For this study, 308 university students were selected. The study setting includes six public universities in US from different regions. For a psychology research, the methodology is justified. Data was analysed for statistical significance to ensure validity. As per Munro et al. (2017), the rate of use of NMUPS, was higher among university students with executive function deficit than without deficit. The advantage of the stimulants as interpreted from the study is the improvement in the executive functioning skills. It acts as driving force for the students NMUPS. Therefore, the first research hypothesise is accepted. Further, students with the self-reported deficit in executive function also showed non-medical use of use of stimulants. However, the second hypothesis cannot be fully accepted as NMUPS did not moderate the relationship between executive function and grade point average. Significantly, poor grade point average was observed in the participants with deficit in the executive function skills. Strength and weakness These authors are highly qualified to research about human cognitive function. No conflict of interest seems to be present as per the authorship of the article and is the strength of the paper (LoBiondo-Wood Haber, 2017). It would have been more convincing if author mentioned details on the ethics approval. Considering the work experience and academic qualifications the credibility of the research is evident. Further, the arguments and goals in the paper are well justified with the supporting literature. The need of the study to identify the university stud at risk of taking NMUPS is justified. In this context appropriate hypothesis was developed. Necessary interventions can be developed to prevent this issue. Surveys are helpful to obtain the self-report data from the participants. Further, conducting the interview for large sample size would be impractical. Since the research has broad goals, the survey will help assess the feelings, thoughts and opinions to generate quick data (Mertens, 2014). This is the strength of the paper and the results were statistically significant making it reliable. Surveys are useful instrument and are right option for collecting the self-report data in psychology related research. It is justified when research has broad goals and constitutes strength of research (Anderson et al., 2015). The weakness of the study comes from use of convenience sampling method. Using the sample in proportionate number may have eliminated the limitations related to generalisability of the findings (Munro et al., 2017). As per the PICO question developed by Wasim, the literature evidence showed that stimulants increase the academic performance by enhancing the executive functions in university students. However, there are various barriers to the implementation of the research evidence. In the case of Wasim, it may be harmful using this evidence for personal use. In healthy individuals, no stimulants or drugs may be safe for cognitive functioning (Maier Schaub, 2015). Irregular use may cause adverse reactions. Misuse of prescription has been found to have unfavourable consequences. Pharmacological neuroenhancement is associated with ambiguous effects although it helps to cope up with stress and studies. The given PICO question does not measure the negative aspects such as consequences of the illicit use of smart drugs. The PICO question can be modified in future studies to compare the use of stimulants medically and non-medically. Thus, there is a need of further evidence without which it is difficu lt for Wasim to decide on using the stimulants for academic enhancement. Lack of the evidenced-based clinical guidelines is added disadvantage for nurses, clinician and patients to advocate the use of stimulants for university students. Further, barriers may include lack of awareness among the patients about the misuse of drugs and adverse reactions. Size and complexity of research are the other barriers to evidence-based practice implementation. Qualitative studies do not give definite concluding evidence so Wasim may not be sure about using stimulants. These studies only give subjective evidence. Use of survey includes underreporting of data due to sensitive questionnaires. Quality of the evidence is hampered because of bias due to personal response. Social desirability cannot be ruled out in questionnaire (Stavor et al., 2017). It may be difficult for Wasim to rely on the results of the quantitative studies for use of stimulants. Conclusion In conclusion, PICO is the useful and effective method for inquiry into health care. The evidence obtained from the critique of both the articles is that the use of stimulants by university students increases the academic performance. It highly benefits people diagnosed with ADHD. Executive functions can be enhanced by the stimulants. Considering the case scenario of Wasim, it would not be effective for him to use non-medically. Wasim should share the evidence obtained by PICO question with his friends so that they prefer medical use of these stimulants and refrain from non-medical use. The rationale for choosing the PICO process is justified as it is the systematic process of searching the evidence to solve the clinical questions (Richardson et al., 2017). In conclusion the PICO method is the effective one to systematically search evidence for solving clinical problems (Richardson et al., 2017). References Ahadi, N. J., Habicht, R. J. (2017). Incorporating Evidence-Based Medicine into Your Daily Life. InHospital Medicine(pp. 85-94). Springer International Publishing. Anderson, D. R., Sweeney, D. J., Williams, T. A., Camm, J. D., Cochran, J. J. (2015).An introduction to management science: quantitative approaches to decision making. Cengage learning. Hildt, E., Lieb, K., Franke, A. G. (2014). Life context of pharmacological academic performance enhancement among university studentsa qualitative approach.BMC medical ethics,15(1), 23. Jensen, C., Forlini, C., Partridge, B., Hall, W. (2016). Australian university students coping strategies and use of pharmaceutical stimulants as cognitive enhancers.Frontiers in psychology,7. LoBiondo-Wood, G., Haber, J. (2017).Nursing Research-E-Book: Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence-Based Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Maier, L. J., Schaub, M. P. (2015). The use of prescription drugs and drugs of abuse for neuroenhancement in Europe.European Psychologist. McCusker, K., Gunaydin, S. (2015). Research using qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods and choice based on the research.Perfusion,30(7), 537-542. Mertens, D. M. (2014).Research and evaluation in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Sage publications. Munro, B. A., Weyandt, L. L., Marraccini, M. E., Oster, D. R. (2017). The relationship between nonmedical use of prescription stimulants, executive functioning and academic outcomes.Addictive behaviors,65, 250-257. OBrien, B. C., Harris, I. B., Beckman, T. J., Reed, D. A., Cook, D. A. (2014). Standards for reporting qualitative research: a synthesis of recommendations.Academic Medicine,89(9), 1245-1251. Richardson, A., Yarwood, J., Richardson, S. (2017). Expressions of cultural safety in public health nursing practice.Nursing inquiry,24(1). Stavor, D. C., Zedreck-Gonzalez, J., Hoffmann, R. L. (2017). Improving the use of evidence-based practice and research utilization through the identification of barriers to implementation in a critical access hospital.Journal of Nursing Administration,47(1), 56-61.

Invisable Man Black Leaders Essay Example For Students

Invisable Man Black Leaders Essay At the time that Ralph Ellison writes the novel The Invisible Man there were, as there are today, many ideas on how to improve the black mans status in a segregated nation. Marcus Garvey was a militant black nationalist leader who created a Back to Africa movement. On the other side was Booker T. Washington who preached for racial uplift through educational attainments and economic advancement. A man who strayed more on the middle path was W.E.B. Du Bois. He was less militant than Marcus Garvey but was more so than Booker T. Washington. Ellison uses characters from the novel to represent these men. Marcus Garvey is fictionalized as Ras the Exhorter. Booker T. Washington is given voice by the Reverend Barbee. W.E.B. Du Bois is never directly mentioned in the novel. However, the actions and thoughts of W.E.B. Du Bois are very similar to that of the narrator. While all three men were after the same dream they all went about making that dream reality in different ways. There are strength s and weakness that can be found in all three mens philosophies. The most militant and extreme of the three was Garvey. Marcus Garvey was born Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr. on August 17 1887, at Saint Anns Bay, Jamaica. He was the youngest of eleven children. His father, Malcus (Marcus) Mosiah Garvey, was a stonemason and his mother, Sarah Jane Richards, was a domestic servant and produce grower. He left school at the age of fourteen to serve as a printers apprentice. After completing his training he took a job with a printing company in Kingston. There he organized and led a strike for higher wages. He then traveled to Central and South America. He moved to London in 1912 and became interested in African history and culture. He returned to Jamaica two years later and founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and the African Communities League. The UNIA helped found the Black Muslim movement. In 1916 Garvey moved to the United States. He went to New York City and set up a branch of the UNIA and began a weekly newspaper called the Negro World. Garvey preached that blacks should be proud of who they are. He called for racial pride. Because of his persuasiveness and his eloquence people started to listen to Garvey. Blacks became proud of who they were. Booker T. Washington said to bow down to the whites and accept being inferior. When they heard Garvey say he was proud of his race and his heritage they listened to him. The black community gathered around him and accepted his message. Here was a man who was happy to be black: not only happy but also proud. Garveys racial pride movement helped the Harlem Renaissance. Blacks started to express their feelings and thoughts through art and music. This was a time when whites really took a look at black art and culture. Garveys most extreme movement was the Back to Africa movement. He called all blacks to return to their true homeland, Africa. To help make this possible Garvey created the Black Star Line in 1 919 to provide transportation. He also started the Negro Factories Corporation to encourage black economic independence. Garvey attracted thousands of supporters and had two million members for the UNIA. Garveys rise to fame was amazing; speaking to an audience in Colon, Panama in 1921 Garvey said two years ago in New York nobody paid any attention to us. When I use to speak, even the policeman on the beat never noticed me. Depending on whom you talked to Garvey was the new Moses of blacks or a complete madman. In After Marcus GarveyWhat? an article in Contemporary Review, Kelly Miller writes that: Marcus Garvey came to the U.S. less than ten years ago, unheralded, unfriended, without acquaintance, relationship, or means of livelihood. This Jamaican immigrant was thirty years old, partially educated, and 100 per cent black. He possessed neither comeliness of appearance nor attractive physical personality. Judged by external appraisement, there was nothing to distinguish him from tho usands of West Indian black people who flock to our seaport cities. And yet this ungainly youth by sheer indomitability .uf7f9cec483bb4730ed90d4d7a5759e20 , .uf7f9cec483bb4730ed90d4d7a5759e20 .postImageUrl , .uf7f9cec483bb4730ed90d4d7a5759e20 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf7f9cec483bb4730ed90d4d7a5759e20 , .uf7f9cec483bb4730ed90d4d7a5759e20:hover , .uf7f9cec483bb4730ed90d4d7a5759e20:visited , .uf7f9cec483bb4730ed90d4d7a5759e20:active { border:0!important; } .uf7f9cec483bb4730ed90d4d7a5759e20 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf7f9cec483bb4730ed90d4d7a5759e20 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf7f9cec483bb4730ed90d4d7a5759e20:active , .uf7f9cec483bb4730ed90d4d7a5759e20:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf7f9cec483bb4730ed90d4d7a5759e20 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf7f9cec483bb4730ed90d4d7a5759e20 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf7f9cec483bb4730ed90d4d7a5759e20 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf7f9cec483bb4730ed90d4d7a5759e20 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf7f9cec483bb4730ed90d4d7a5759e20:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf7f9cec483bb4730ed90d4d7a5759e20 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf7f9cec483bb4730ed90d4d7a5759e20 .uf7f9cec483bb4730ed90d4d7a5759e20-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf7f9cec483bb4730ed90d4d7a5759e20:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Retrenchment Strategies Type Essay